In the UK, law enforcement employs the PEACE model, which stands for:
1. Preparation and Planning
2. Engage and Explain
3. Account, Clarify, and Challenge
4. Closure and Evaluation
This method assumes that a rapport has already been established between the subject and the interviewer, fostering a relaxed atmosphere. It is less confrontational compared to methods commonly used in the United States. Developed in the early 1990s in collaboration between law enforcement agencies and psychologists, the PEACE model aims to reduce the likelihood of false confessions.
This non-accusatory interview style is suitable for victims, witnesses, or suspects, and requires thorough preparation and planning for effectiveness. Building rapport and using non-confrontational questions are essential to help the subject relax.
When faced with an uncooperative subject, interviewers may employ “conversation management.” The interviewee is given space to speak, and their account is subsequently clarified, assessed, and challenged. Evaluation occurs continuously, focusing on the interviewee’s physical and emotional responses.
On the other hand, the REID Technique comprises three parts:
1. Factual Analysis
2. Interviewing
3. Interrogation
It involves nine steps:
1. Positive confrontation
2. Theme and development
3. Handling denials
4. Overcoming objections
5. Procurement and retention of person’s attention
6. Handling the interviewee’s passive mood
7. Presenting an alternative question
8. Having the suspect detail the offense
9. Oral to written confession
Both techniques aim to obtain confessions, but the REID Technique is more confrontational. It focuses on moral justification and reasoning with the interviewee. However, false confessions are a concern with this method.
Ultimately, the choice between the PEACE model and the REID Technique depends on the circumstances and the individual subject. While the author has primarily used the PEACE model during their career with the Metropolitan Police Service in London, they have also employed the REID method on occasion, recognizing that both have their strengths and weaknesses.
C.A.R.E Model
In an upcoming blog i will discuss a newer model that has been developed by Charles E Williams who had a distinguished career within the FBI. The C.A.R.E system takes into account all the various situations an interviewer will be faced with.
Andy Reggio became a private investigator and opened AFR Investigations in 2018. Since then he has been helping clients in and around DFW with criminal and civil cases. His experience from his time in law enforcement has enabled him to provide a first class service to his clients.
